Kojic Acid Dipalmitate is the diesterified form of Kojic acid, with Dipalmitate being the superior counterpart. This derivative exhibits heightened effectiveness in skin lightening and boasts enhanced stability. Widely employed in the cosmetic industry, its skin lightening prowess stems from its ability to modulate tyrosinase activity.
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Other name: 5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone, 2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-γ-pyrone
Kojic acid, a fungal metabolic by-product, is generated by certain species of Aspergillus, notably A. oryzae, commonly referred to as koji in Japanese. This acid emerges as a by-product during the fermentation of malted rice, a key component in the production of sake, the traditional Japanese rice wine.
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Other name: Hydroxybutanedioic acid 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L/D)-Malic acid (±)-Malic acid (S/R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Malic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid present in specific fruits and wines, finds applications in both food and cosmetics, and occasionally in medicinal contexts. With its sour and acidic nature, malic acid proves effective in exfoliating the skin, aiding in the removal of dead skin cells when topically applied.
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Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic compound synthesized by various plant species, can be found in commonly consumed items like coffee, wine, tea, and medicinal substances like propolis. This phenolic acid and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties.
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Other name: Licorice extract
Glabridin, a chemical compound present in the root extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), belongs to the isoflavane category, specifically classified as an isoflavonoid. Within the broader context of plant-derived molecules known as natural phenols, Glabridin stands out. Its notable attribute lies in its effective inhibition of platelet activation, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for thromboembolic disorders.
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Other name: Cyklokapron
Tranexamic acid functions as an antifibrinolytic agent, acting to inhibit the breakdown of blood clots and thereby preventing excessive bleeding. Its use is restricted to prescription only and should be administered under the guidance of a medical professional.
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Other name: cis-resveratrol, kojo-kon, Stilbene phytoalexin, and trans-resveratrol.
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring ingredient present in the skin of grapes, pomegranates, berries, and peanuts, has gained significant popularity in skincare. Renowned for its abundant antioxidants, it is believed to provide protective benefits for the skin and promote circulation. Experience the remarkable advantages of Resveratrol Extract in water-soluble face care for a radiant and nourished complexion!
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Other name: D-Arbutin
Deoxyarbutin, an oil-soluble derivative of arbutin, operates through the same tyrosinase inhibition mechanism but exhibits enhanced effectiveness. Boasting a high potency as a tyrosinase inhibitor, deoxyarbutin surpasses the efficacy of arbutin, rapidly permeating the skin. Research indicates that for skin lightening effects, deoxyarbutin is 350 times more potent than arbutin and 150 times more effective than kojic acid. Furthermore, it is deemed safer, more stable, and less cytotoxic and irritating in comparison to the aforementioned active ingredients.
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Other name: Arbutoside Hydroquinone β-D-glucopyranoside
Derived from the leaves of the Bearberry, beta-arbutin is a glycosylated hydroquinone renowned for its cosmetic benefits in skin lightening and whitening. Not only does it excel in these properties, but it also functions as an impressive antioxidant, effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species and other free radicals. This, in turn, shields the skin from oxidative stress. Remarkably stable when exposed to sunlight, beta-arbutin proves to be a versatile and valuable ingredient for skincare.
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Other name: Hydroquinone β-D-glucopyranoside
Alpha arbutin, a derivative of hydroquinone naturally occurring in dried plant leaves like blueberry, cranberry, and bearberry, serves as an effective skin-lightening agent. It aids in diminishing pigmentation and blemishes resulting from acne or sun damage when applied to the skin.
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