Other name: Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Kernel Oil.

Jaiphal Oil, exhibiting a colorless or light yellow hue, emanates the distinct aroma and flavor of nutmeg. Rich in components of significance to the oleochemical industry, the essential oil is predominantly composed of about 90% terpene hydrocarbons. Notable constituents include sabinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene.

Medicinal Uses:

• Help comfort sore regions
• Joint pain
• Muscle cramps
• Abdominal or menstrual tension

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The curry plant, scientifically known as Murraya koenigii, traces its origins to India. Curry leaf oil, extracted through the process of steam distillation, has found application in both culinary and essential oil contexts. Beyond India, this oil can be discovered in the eastern regions, particularly in Burma. Widely utilized across the globe, curry leaf essential oil is prominently employed for digestive system-related issues. Many individuals incorporate a few drops of this oil into their food to address problems such as diarrhea and indigestion.

Medicinal Uses:

• Exfoliates Scalp
• Promotes Hair Regrowth
• Prevents Premature Greying
• Cures Dandruff
• Treat Skin Infections
• Heals Acne
• Gives Flawless Skin
• Prevents Premature Skin Ageing

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Spearmint oil is crafted from extracts of a perennial herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region. Highly esteemed for its medicinal properties, it is also believed to be a remedy for sexually transmitted diseases. This colorless, clear liquid, featuring a characteristic spearmint aroma, is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and oils. The oil is obtained through the steam distillation method from the leaves of the plant.

Medicinal Uses:

• Help alleviate symptoms of nausea
• Indigestion
• Gas
• Headache
• Toothache
• Cramps
• Sore throat

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Other name: Peppermint

Mentha Piperita Oil is the essential oil derived from the leaves of Mentha x piperita. This versatile oil is prized for its aromatic qualities and finds applications as a flavoring agent. Additionally, it is utilized to address ailments related to the digestive and respiratory systems, as well as to alleviate pain.

Medicinal Uses:

• Gastric hypermotility
• Nausea and vomiting
• Functional dyspepsia
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Infantile colic
• Pruritus gravidarum
• Nipple fissures
• Tension headache
• Cognitive performance
• Hirsutism
• Athletic performance

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Other name: Mentha citrata Ehrh

Mentha, an aromatic herb known as Japanese pudina in India, undergoes steam distillation and filtration of its dried leaves, particularly from the Mentha arvensis variety, to produce mentha oil. This oil can be further processed to yield menthol and various other derivatives.

Medicinal Uses:

• Stomach aches
• Nausea
• Parasites
• Other digestive disorders

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Common names
Kannada: Balli kasaraka.
Malayalam: Valli-kanjira.
Tamil: Valli-kanjiram.

Description: Large woody climbers; tendrils bi-fid. Leaves ovate or elliptic, up to15 x 5 cm, rounded at base, acute or acuminate at apex, shining. Basal nerves 3; petioles up to 7 mm long. Flowers in terminal cymes, from old wood. Calyx lobes 5. Corolla lobes 5. There are five stamens with short filaments. The ovary is two-locular, with a short style and a capitate stigma. The fruit is a smooth, globose berry, approximately 10 cm across, turning yellow when ripe. It contains 3-4 flat seeds.

Flowering & Fruiting : January – May.

Distribution: India: Common in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Western Ghats. Sri Lanka.

Uses: Decoction of roots used in rheumatism, ulcers, elephantiasis, fever and epilepsy.

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Common names
Kannada: Jambe.
Tulu: Chiruve.
Malayalam: Irumalla.
Tamil: Irul.
Telugu: Konda tangedu.
English: Burma iron wood.

Description: Large deciduous trees, 15-20 m tall with reddish-grey rough bark. Leaves bipinnate, pinnae 2; petiole 2.5-6.0 cm long with gland at the tip; pinnae 10-15 cm long; leaflets 3-5 pairs, often with an unopposed leaflet below the lowest pair, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-15 x 3-6 cm, rounded or acute at base, acute at apex, subcoriaceous, glabrous; petiolules ca 0.3 cm long. Flowers sessile, white, in globose peduncled heads, the peduncles axillary, fascicled or racemose. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, valvate, yellowish-white. Stamens 10, free; anthers tipped with stalked, deciduous gland. Ovary sessile; ovules many. The fruit is a sizable woody pod, falcate, measuring approximately 16 x 4.5 cm. It is flat and covered in a rusty tomentum. There are 6-10 seeds within, oblong-ellipsoid, about 1.5 x 1 cm in size, compressed, brown, and exhibit a smooth, polished surface.

Flowering : March – May.
Fruiting : May – January.

Distribution: India: Western Peninsula. N. Circars, Deccan, W.Ghats. Indomalesia.

Uses:

• The wood, characterized by its reddish-brown hue, is hard, durable, and serves well for sleeper and building purposes, albeit challenging to work with. Referred to as Burma ironwood, it is a preferred timber for constructing boats, canoes, and is commonly employed in shipbuilding for elements such as knees, crooks, and keels. Widely used in the manufacture of carts, tool handles, ploughs, harrows, oil-presses, yokes, pit-props in coal mines, curbs of wells, wheels, sides of ladder, brake blocks for engines, paving blocks, electric poles, bridge construction etc.
• A very good fuel wood. The charcoal from the wood is highly prized by iron smelters. Wood is fibrous and provides raw material for paper-pulp suitable for making wrapping paper. Bark anthelmintic, emetic, given in gonorrhoea, diarrhoea, ulcers, also used to stop vomiting; bark and seed oil antileprotic; seed oil used in rheumatism and piles.

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Common names
Kannada: Beppalli, Kodamurki, Kodesige.
Malayalam: Aiyapala, Kotakappalla.
Sanskrit: Hvamovaka, Sveta kutaja.
Tamil: Nilapalai, Irumpalai, Veypale.
Telugu: Amkudu, Tedla pala.
English: Pala Indigo plant.

Description: Small deciduous trees up to 8-10 m tall with milky latex; bark scaly, smooth. Leaves opposite, variable, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, up to 15 x 5 cm, acute or rounded at base, acuminate at apex; petioles ca 5 mm long. Flowers in lax terminal ca 6 cm long cymes, white, fragrant. Calyx glandular within, lobes 5. Corolla-tube short, lobes 5; throat of corolla-tube with fibriate conona scales in 2 rows. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the corolla-tube; anthers sagitate. Ovary 2-locular; stigma 2-fid. The fruits consist of two separate pendulous follicles that are cylindrical, reaching up to 25 cm in length. When young, they cohere at the tip. The seeds are numerous, linear, 1-2 cm long, pointed at the apex, and accompanied by a deciduous coma, approximately 3 cm long, at the base.

Flowering & Fruiting: March– November.

Distribution: India: In deciduous forests, especially in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and peninsular India, Ascending to an altitude of ca 1300 m.
Sri Lanka, Timor.

Uses:

• The flowers are utilized as a vegetable, and the tender leaves, pods, and seeds are also consumed. The wood finds extensive use in various turnery applications across different classes. It is made into cups, plates, combs, chessmen, pen-holders, pencils and bedsteadlegs. It is also used for carving, frames, spoons, small boxes and screens. It is used for making the celebrated Channapatna toys and for idols. The wood is suitable for matchboxes and splints, for making bobbins, engraving and printing-blocks, mathematical instruments and rulers. It is also suitable for stained wood inlay-work and for the manufacture of lacquerware articles.
• The leaves yields a blue dye called Mysore Pala Indigo. The leaves are eaten by cattle, sheep and goats. In south India, the plant is used for green manuring rice fields. The handsome, jasmine-scented, star-shaped flowers are much esteemed by Hindus for offerings at temples. Bark – antidropsical, tonic, antidysenteric, used in piles, skin diseases; seed-aphrodisiac, astringent, febrifuge, antidysenteric, anthelmintic; bark and seed used in flatulence and bilious troubles.

Uses: An adhesive, useful for patching high pressure hose pipes, can be prepared from the latex. Flowers used in inflammation of cornea.

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Common names
Malayalam: Pavu.
Tamil: Kadamban.

Description: Small trees, 5-10 m tall; young branches pubescent. Leaves usually ternately whorled, elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 x 2.5-4 cm, cuneate or acute at base, acute at apex, pubescent beneath; main nerves 8-10 pairs, prominent, pink on the young leaves; petioles 5-8 mm long. Flowers in 15-30 cm long dense pyramidal hirsute panicles, yellowish, fragrant. Calyx tube globose, pubescent, lobes 5. Corolla tube cylindric, hairy inside, lobes 5. white, pale yellow. Stamens 5, inserted near the mouth of the corolla; filaments minute. The ovary is 2-locular, with a bifid style and a fusiform stigma. The fruit is a globose, loculicidal capsule, measuring approximately 3 mm in diameter, pubescent, and crowned with the calyx teeth. Numerous very small seeds are present.

Flowering & Fruiting : December – May.

Distribution: India: Frequent in hills of Deccan, Western Ghats, to the Nilgiris, Pulney and Travancore. Sri Lanka.

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Common names
Kannada: Hegalu balli.
Tamil: Kurincha.

Description: Large twining shrubs with watery sap except milky in follicles; older branches ash-colored; often with lenticels; young branches green, slender, smooth. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate or subordicular, 6-15 x 4-12 cm, rounded or cordate at base, acuminate at apex, glabrous, softly pubescent; petioles 1.5-3 cm long. Flowers in 2-5 cm long lateral drooping umbellate cymes, green or yellowish green; peduncles arising from between the petioles. Calyx 5-partite with glands at the base. Corolla lobes 5, pale green. Corona single; lobes 5, fleshy, truncate, attached to the base of staminal column; pollinia 2, erect. Ovary 2-locular, style short, apex dome-shaped. The fruit consists of woody follicles, blunt at the apex, measuring 7-10 x 2.5 cm. They exhibit rugose striations and are glabrous. Numerous seeds, broadly ovate and 0.8 – 1.5 cm long, are flattened and pale yellowish-brown. The coma, approximately 4.5 cm long, is copious.

Flowering & Fruiting: March– November.

Distribution: India: Western Peninsula. Common in plains and hills, up to 1600 m. West Bengal, Assam. Sri Lanka, Java, Indomalesia.

Uses: Leaves, flowers and the rind of unripe fruits are boiled and eaten as a vegetable or used in curries, the cooking removes the bitterness and nauseating property of fruits. Plant yields a very strong fibre. Twining stems are used as substitute for ropes. Plant juice used as sternutatory; root and tender stalk emetic and purgative; leaf used in applications for boils and abcesses.

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